Definitions and Examples of Partitives in Grammar

In English grammar, a partitive is a word or phrase (such as some of or a slice  of) that indicates a part or quantity of something as distinct from a whole.Partitive is also called partitive noun or partitive noun phrase and is from the Latin partitus, relating to a part. Partitives can appear before mass (or noncount) nouns as well as count nouns. Although most partitive constructions refer to a quantity or amount, some are used to indicate quality or behavior (the kind of teacher  who ... ).  Ã‚   Examples and Observations You must have been warned against  letting the golden hours slip by. Yes, but some of them are golden only because we let them slip. (J.M. Barrie, Courage. Rectorial Address delivered at St. Andrews University, May 3, 1922)Computers make it easier to do a lot of things, but most of the things they make it  easier to do, dont need to be done. (Andy Rooney on 60 Minutes)Now Murrells eyes followed an ant on a blade of grass, up the blade and down, many times in the single moment. (Eudora Welty, A Still Moment. The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty. Harcourt, 1980)Soap gumdrops, soap cigars, soap pickles, soap chocolates, and even a bar of soap that dyed its user an indelible blue made life exciting for the friends of a Johnson Smith addict. (Jean Shepherd, A Fistful of Fig Newtons. Random House, 1981)Not a part of the rock or a speck of moss or a streak of some other mineral, it was one of those stubborn bits of green felted cardboard that these rocks were always fixed on inside of the boxes. (Sharon Fiffer, Buried Stuff. Minotaur Books, 2010)It doesn’t matter if you’re a high school kid on your bike, or if you’re an egghead like me with a  boatload  of degrees. Anybody can be a birder. (Ben Kingsley as Lawrence Konrad in A Birders Guide to Everything, 2014)I am not just some here-today-gone-tomorrow  sort of person who blows hot and cold  like a feather in the windblown about by air. Oh no. Believe me, my love for you is, was and always will be true and oh-so-real. (Dawn French, Dear David Cassidy in  Dear Fatty.  Arrow Books, 2009) Partitives With Count Nouns and Noncount Nouns Count nouns that can act as the first element in such a structure (e.g. piece, bit, sort, etc.) are partitive nouns or partitives. Some words that form the second part of the construction take specific partitives (also called unit nouns) a Partitives are useful because they provide a means of counting uncount nouns.(Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiner, Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1994) Partitives With Nouns of Location and Time Partitives are  found with nouns of location (the end of the street, the back of the house etc.) and time (the end of the day, the middle of the week, the beginning of the month). These partitives of location and time are almost always found with the frame the partitive of the noun. (Dave Willis,  Rules, Patterns and Words: Grammar and Lexis in English Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press,  2003)  One day toward the end of the  month the wind veered around  to the southwest again and clouds moved in, bringing with them a heavy downpour. (John Hanson Mitchell,  Living at the End of Time: Two Years in a Tiny House.  University Press of New England, 2014)   Partitives With Foods and Liquids Some partitives, such as gallon/liter of, can be applied to any head noun that is a liquid, and partitives such as ton/gram/pound of can be used to quantify anything that is appropriately measured by weight. Similarly, partitives such as a bottle of can be applied to different types of liquids that come in this container (e.g., beer, wine, catsup, milk). In contrast, partitives used to quantify food are more restricted. Portions of baked goods such as cake, pie, pizza, and bread are measured by slices, and only bread is quantified by the partitive count noun loaf. Certain types of vegetables (e.g., cauliflower, cabbage, lettuce) are quantified by head.  (Ron Cowan, The Teachers Grammar of English: A Course Book and Reference Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2008)  The pub is very smart  and popular with foreigners, who can order Leopold Blooms lunch—a gorgonzola sandwich and a glass of burgundy—for about fifteen dollars during the summer high season. (Bill Baric h,  A Pint of Plain: Tradition, Change and the Fate of the Irish Pub.  Bloomsbury, 2010) Functions of Partitives Partitive expressions collocate strongly with particular non-count nouns: a​ ... Partitive expressions commonly refer to the shape, size, movement or the amount of something: Theres a whole ... Some partitive expressions with -ful refer to containers or spaces which commonly hold the item referred to. These include bowlful of, cupful of, fistful of, handful of, mouthful of, spoonful of: He gave me a The plural of such expressions is usually formed by adding -s after -ful.(Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge University Press, 2006)

A Hypothesis Is a Claim Free Essays

A hypothesis is a claim Population mean The mean monthly cell phone bill in this city is ? = $42 Population proportion Example: The proportion of adults in this city with cell phones is ? = 0. 68 States the claim or assertion to be tested Is always about a population parameter, not about a sample statistic Is the opposite of the null hypothesis e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on A Hypothesis Is a Claim or any similar topic only for you Order Now , The average diameter of a manufactured bolt is not equal to 30mm ( H1: ? ? 30 ) Challenges the status quo Alternative never contains the â€Å"=†sign May or may not be proven Is generally the hypothesis that the researcher is trying to prove Is the opposite of the null hypothesis e. g. , The average diameter of a manufactured bolt is not equal to 30mm ( H1: ? ? 30 ) Challenges the status quo Alternative never contains the â€Å"=†sign May or may not be proven Is generally the hypothesis that the researcher is trying to prove Is the opposite of the null hypothesis e. g. , The average diameter of a manufactured bolt is not equal to 30mm ( H1: ? ? 30 ) Challenges the status quo Alternative never contains the â€Å"=†sign May or may not be proven Is generally the hypothesis that the researcher is trying to prove If the sample mean is close to the stated population mean, the null hypothesis is not rejected. If the sample mean is far from the stated population mean, the null hypothesis is rejected. How far is â€Å"far enough† to reject H0? The critical value of a test statistic creates a â€Å"line in the sand† for decision making — it answers the question of how far is far enough. Type I Error Reject a true null hypothesis Considered a serious type of error The probability of a Type I Error is ? Called level of significance of the test Set by researcher in advance Type II Error Failure to reject a false null hypothesis The probability of a Type II Error is ? Type I and Type II errors cannot happen at the same time A Type I error can only occur if H0 is true A Type II error can only occur if H0 is false Critical Value Approach to Testing For a two-tail test for the mean, ? known: Determine the critical Z values for a specified level of significance ? from a table or computer Decision Rule: If the test statistic falls in the rejection region, reject H0 ; otherwise do not reject H0 State the null hypothesis, H0 and the alternative hypothesis, H1 Determine the appropriate test statistic and sampling distribution Determine the critical values that divide the rejection and nonrejection regions Collect data and compute the value of the test statistic Make the statistical decision and state the managerial conclusion. If the test statistic falls into the nonrejection region, do not reject the null hypothesis H0. If the test statistic falls into the rejection region, reject the null hypothesis. Express the managerial conclusion in the context of the problem p-Value Approach to Testing -value: Probability of obtaining a test statistic equal to or more extreme than the observed sample value given H0 is true The p-value is also called the observed level of significance H0 can be rejected if the p-value is less than ? Hypothesis Testing: ? Unknown If the population standard deviation is unknown, you instead use the sample standard deviation S. Because of this change, you use the t distribution instead of the Z distribution to test the null hypothesis about the mean. When using the t distribution you must assume the population you are sampling from follows a normal distribution. All other steps, concepts, and conclusions are the same. One-Tail Tests In many cases, the alternative hypothesis focuses on a particular direction H0: ? ? 3 H1: ? 3 This is a lower-tail test since the alternative hypothesis is focused on the lower tail below the mean of 3 H0: ? ? 3 H1: ? 3 This is an upper-tail test since the alternative hypothesis is focused on the upper tail above the mean of 3 Proportions Sample proportion in the category of interest is denoted by p When both X and n – X are at least 5, p can be approximated by a normal distribution with mean and standard deviation Potential Pitfalls and Ethical Considerations Use randomly collected data to reduce selection biases Do not use human subjects without informed consent Choose the level of significance, ? , and the type of test (one-tail or two-tail) before data collection Do not employ â€Å"data snooping† to choose between one-tail and two-tail test, or to determine the level of significance Do not practice â€Å"data cleansing† to hide observations that do not support a stated hypothesis Report all pertinent findings including both statistical significance and practical importance How to cite A Hypothesis Is a Claim, Essay examples

Media analyse two adverts Essay Example For Students

Media analyse two adverts Essay In this essay I have chosen to compare two adverts. I chose two from a magazine called VOGUE, I chose them as they both were linked by the theme of fashion but were advertising different products, this will help me show differences between the adverts but the fashion theme will help me to also highlight similarities. The first advert I chose was by a company called Garrard they make fashion accessories such as leather accessories, silverware and also jewellery which is what they are mainly known for. The advert I chose has specifically advertised jewellery in this case a ring and a necklace. On face value the advert has a ring and a necklace laid on a picture of a of the U. K flag. Part of both pieces of jewellery look like wings and they are put into position so that the flag looks as though it has wings. The words rock hard are also on the flag this is a Garrard logo which is also used on the website. At the bottom of the advert is the address of Garrard shops, the website address and the Garrard logo in bold letters. The second advert I have chose is by a designer called Yves Saint Laurent or YSL, this company is known mainly for its perfume and clothes. This advert is advertising a new perfume fragrance however there are six people in the advert who are wearing YSL clothes but the advert is not specifically advertising them. On face value the advert is focusing on a woman surrounded by men the men are in suits and the woman is In a white dress at the bottom of the advert is the Yves Saint Laurent logo and above this is the word Cinema which is the name of the fragrance. Also in the bottom right corner of the advert is a picture of the perfume bottle. These adverts attracted me as they were both bold and in your face so I was immediately attracted to look at them. In the Garrard advert the image of the British flag immediately hits you I think this is used to make a statement. The flag being on a white background makes the flag stand out also the fact that is the British flag is to make the viewer relate to Britain in some way. If somebody relates to something in an advert it makes them want to buy the item more so the British flag make this happen. Also the British flag relates to the designers nationality as the designer is Jade Jagger. As the flag reminds you that the designer is the daughter of a legendary rock star(Mick Jagger) it gives the advert a celebrity appeal this would appeal to rock fans or Mick Jagger fans so this again would give the reader something else to relate to which gives readers more reason to buy the product. The rock and punk element that surrounds Mick and Jade Jagger is again emphasised with the words Rock Hard written across the advert. This implies that whoever wears this will look rock hard and strong so the product instantly conveys an image of strength so would appeal to anybody who would like that image. Also the word Rock obviously relates again to Mick Jaggers music again reminding you that Mick Jaggerss daughter is designing the jewellery. The word Rock also brings images of partying and the word Hard could convey that whoever wears this is the type of person to party Hard. Again this would appeal to anybody who wants to have this image. The skulls on the necklace repeat this Rock image of the necklace as skulls are associated with rock music and being wild. The necklace and ring have a large wing on them this again emphasises partying as the symbol is loud. The wings also give the impression that somebody is free and original so people would buy this to have an image of being a free spirit and being original. Being original is important into todays fashion circles so this aspect of the advert raises the chances of viewers buying these pieces of jewellery. Other aspects of the advert relate more .

About a Boy by Nick Hornby Marcus and His Choices Essay Example

About a Boy by Nick Hornby: Marcus and His Choices Paper To what extent do you sympathise with Marcus and the choices he has to make In About a Boy? Discuss the techniques the author has used and use examples from the text to support your answer. In the novel About a Boy by Nick Hornby, the character of Marcus has to make numerous choices which affect his life in a variety of different ways. Marcus is 12 years old and because of this, he is often naive and hasty is his decisions but he makes them in order to protect himself. These choices that he makes Include; setting up his mum, Fiona, with a relative stranger, Will, hiding out at Wills flat every afternoon and lying to Ellie In order to become friends. All these decisions Marcus makes to protect him and while some of them may be made in haste, it is easy to sympathise with them and show his desperation to have people around him. Following Fionas attempted suicide, Marcus feels the need to look after his mother and also to have more people around the house, so he decides to set her up on a date. Marcus is desperate to find someone else to Join their family and thinks that If a girl and a boy met, and they didnt have a boyfriend or a girlfriend, and they both looked alright, and they didnt mind each other. en they might as well go out. (Page 84) This misguided train of thought leads Marcus to set up his mum with Will, a 36 year old who was trying to seduce with his mums best friend, in an attempt to expand his family and surround himself with a support network. Following their lunch, Marcus becomes excited at the prospect of having someone else in his family. Would they move into Wills place, he wondered, or buy somewhere new? (Page 86) In order to convey Marcus hopefulness and misunderstanding of the situation Nick Hornby uses the irony of saying Will knew the Flona was not his type straight after Marcus statement of anticipation. This is quite tragic for Marcus as, through his lack of experience, he does not realise that it takes more than conversation to start a relationship and the reader cannot help but cringe and feel compassionate towards him. We will write a custom essay sample on About a Boy by Nick Hornby: Marcus and His Choices specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on About a Boy by Nick Hornby: Marcus and His Choices specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on About a Boy by Nick Hornby: Marcus and His Choices specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To delay the feeling he gets when he is at home, Marcus decides to go to Wills flat every day after school. The memory of seeing his mum lying motionless In their living room In a pool of her own vomit disturbs Marcus every time he goes home to his flat. What he felt, all the time, every single day, was a horrible fear. (Page 101) Nick Hornby is able to convey this fear by using quite emotive language and gives the reader a sense of what Marcus is feeling. he could no longer climb the stairs at home without looking at his feet and remembering (Page 101) So, in order to avoid this haunting fear, Marcus decides to follow Will and go to his flat every day after school. the main reason he came round to Wills after school was that he was to put off going back to the flat; (Page 101 ) The setting of Wills flat and Its emptiness Is used by Nick Hornby to contrast Marcus flat which is full of emotion and angst. The achelor lifestyle which Will lives leads to his flat being relatively free of sentiment or nostalgia, so the reader can tell that when Marcus is over there, he feels safe and distanced from all the emotion and memory of his own flat. To have that memory of finding Fiona following her attempted suicide would be unbearable for Marcus and his decision to hide out there every day is completely understandable and the reader gets a real insight into what Marcus is feeling. Marcus has no real friends at school, so when he meets Ellie, he makes the conscious decision to lie to her and change who he is in order to befriend her. Ellie is a huge fan of Kurt Cobain and Nirvana, but Marcus has never heard of them or any of their music, so he finds out as much as he can from Will and lies to her because she is the only person in school who he could talk to. It was the longest conversation hed had with anyone at school for weeks. (Page 149) At the beginning of their friendship, Ellie makes fun of Marcus because she is acutely aware that he was lying about Kurt Cobain and Nick Hornby depicts this using constant sarcasm. Sarcasm is often difficult to pick up within text, but Nick Hornby is able to show by using Marcus literal mindedness to contrast Ellies sarcasm. But then he realised she was making one of those Jokes he never got. (Page 148) Marcus is unable to detect Ellies sarcasm and believes that she is a genuine friend and does everything he can to fit in with her. Ellie and her friend had said he was funny, and if he could be funny once, he could be funny again. (Page 150) Marcus decision to lie to Ellie and change who he is because he wants to make friends gives him a huge confidence boost and the reader is pleased to see him that way. Marcus is only 12 years old but already he has had to make numerous decisions that act to protect him against the threat of being alone. The audience sympathises with Marcus when he decides to set up Fiona with Will in order to expand his immediate family, hide out at Wills flat to avoid the memory of his mothers attempted suicide and lies to Ellie in order to become friends. These are all ways that Marcus uses to have more people around him and turn his life from being miserable to Joyous. While not all of his choices worked out, Marcus becomes much happier and can lead the average life he desires. The reader feels that Marcus has grown from the awkward outcast kid who feels alone and miserable to a happy confident teenager who is surrounded by people who love him.

Machiavelllianism essays

Machiavelllianism essays The Effect Machiavellianism Has On Managers Machiavellianism is a construct which has been widely researched by contemporary scholars across the globe. As Matt has talked about how Niccolo Machiavelli provided recommendations for political leaders in terms of behaviours which have been linked to manipulation, cunningness, and deception. Damon has touched on how these political recommendations can be adopted in the business realm and Jenny has discussed how Machiavellianism is a way of thinking, which leads on to my section of study, why do certain managers adopt this way of thinking in their management methods, and what external factors differentiate some managers to others. This is a relevant study because it is essential to assess differences in managers to establish why or why not these managers adopt Machiavellianism to their management methods and if so to what magnitude. I will discuss differences in managers as it is important in fully understanding the second part of our question, why does Machiavellianism affect some managers more than others. As it is illustrated in our management book, Machiavellianism is a measure of the degree to which people are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance and believe that ends justify the means. As Jenny has talked about, Machiavellianism is not a given set of rules that managers need to follow; but a way of thinking. It is more often than not the case that managers utilise certain aspects of Machiavellianism and frown upon others. There are three major differentiating factors in managers that I will be talking about; a managers background, culture and managerial position. First we will start off with background. A managers background can adversely effect how they run a business and the different approaches they use in the workforce. A persons upbringing can vastly affect their values, beliefs and attitudes which mould their views on business and ...

Descartes and hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Descartes and hinduism - Essay Example Descartes illustrates the understanding that one thesis is core to the entire tradition that is everything behaved for the sake of certain goal. Descartes mechanistic view of the universe shows that events result from prior events as indicated in scientific theories of past events that are capable predicting future events. Moreover, he manages to show that there is dualism in interactions because mental states like beliefs and desires interact with physical states (Wall 215). In Hinduism, Self does not denote the personal self or rather the soul, which embodies and reincarnates but rather the spirit referred to as Atman. According to Wall (30) â€Å"Atman, the spirit of vision is never born and never dies†¦ never-born and eternal†¦. He does not die when the body dies†. Therefore, Atman is never a personal possession for anyone because it remains the one universal Self for all. Therefore, Atman is one often referred to as Brahman and entails the one endless consciousn ess in everything. Hindu scriptures continually show that Atman is Brahman and that a person’s Spirit is the Supreme Spirit; as well, the Self is the Supreme self. Atman illustrates that the manifested universe and everything material is an ultimate illusion when viewed from the high perspective and that Self remains a reality. Western: Descartes Descartes believes that he has to find some motive for doubting his prevailing views in order to search for strong basics for his understanding. Everything the meditator accepts as true he came to learn them from or through his senses and acknowledges that senses can deceive although with respect to small objects small or those far away because the sensory knowledge is quite sturdy. Meditation in Descartes is considered as setting the foundation where doubt is used as an influential tool and a foundation of modern skepticism. Reading the first meditation presents skeptical doubts as subject of study on their own and the idea remains that the uncertainties are not probable but a likelihood that is hard to rule out (Wall 215). Skepticism cuts through the core of the western approach and tries to offer certain groundwork of understanding and comprehending the world. On further consideration, the mediator is able to realize that even simple things can be doubted and finds it hard to keep habitual opinions and assumptions of the head. However, by doubting everything, Descartes believed he would at least be certain not to be deceived to untruth by demon (Wall 217). Considering the omnipotent God has the ability of making the conception of mathematics false. Descartes realizes that he is convinced that when dreaming he senses real objects and although present sensations may be images, he manages to indicate that even dream images result from waking experience similar to painting (Wall 215). Even when painters create imaginary creatures, the composite parts are drawn from real things and in case painters create an enti rely new thing, at least the colour within the painting is attached to real experience. Therefore, Descartes observes that even though it is possible for him to doubt combined things; he hardly doubts simple and common components from which compounds were constructed. Descartes also points out individuals can doubt studies based on composite things such as medicine, physics or even astronomy; however, Descartes

Police Recruitment and Screening of Job Applicants Essay

Police Recruitment and Screening of Job Applicants - Essay Example As touching citizenship, the candidate can be considered legible by birth, naturalization, permanent residency or asylum status. The case law Foley v. Connelie (1977) shows that rational reason for requirement of citizenship may suffice. The age of the applicant is expected to range from 21 to 36. The candidate is also required to have 20/20 vision and have body weight that falls between 148 and 204 pounds. As touching education, the department or field the candidate has applied for will stipulate the educational standards expected of the candidate (Sanders, 129-30). It is obvious that the Multiple Hurdle Approach brings with it, several legal issues. At a casual glance, the Multiple Hurdle Approach appears to flout the values enshrined in the Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA, also known as Executive Order 11246): the latter hinders specific federal subcontractors and contractors from exercising discrimination in employment on the basis of color, race, sex, religion or nationality, while the former premises legibility for jobs on meeting specific hurdles. However, the Multiple Hurdle Approach does not breach the EEO Act if it is used in enforcing desired standards and not discriminating against candidates. One of the ways the Multiple Hurdle Approach is carried out without the contravention of the EEO Act is to use and observe the minimum standards that are related to the job requirements. The import of this is that failing to use the minimum standards will be tantamount to subjecting candidates for tests that are more difficult or complex than the job itself (Sanders, 144-7). As the chief of a department with limited resources allowing for the use of only one recruitment test to select officers, I would use aptitude test. This is because, aptitude test factors intelligence and cognitive skills. Since aptitude test is