Genetic Effects of Intensive Breeding Essays - 4289 Words

What is Intensive Breeding? Intensive breeding is a breeding system which aims to get a specific desired genetic trait from a species. Intensive breeding is done in order to get various genetic variations (Colour variation – Figure 1) within a certain population, which will eventually lead to an economic incentive higher than that of an original colour variation species. Intensive breeding has got its advantages and disadvantages. Selection for a rare trait is desired for the monetary benefit, where many game farmers don’t realise the drastic negative genetic impacts. Hunting has always been a past-time where a lot of enthusiast participate in the hunting of wildlife living in their natural environment. They find pleasure in†¦show more content†¦From the information above, it is entirely logical that intensive breeding projects are being developed to help the conservation of this animal. Some mentionable organisations that aim to conserve the cheetah species are De Wildt in Britz, Pretoria North and Cheetah Outreach in Somerset West. These organisations strive to conserve the particular species in their natural habitat. The average price for a Cheetah auctioned in 2011 was R25 000, where in 2010 the average price for a Cheetah auctioned was R67 292 (Figure 1). In the same way that the conservation of the cheetah is being looked after, the same form of help could be used for the many other critically threatened species. By implementing intensive breeding projects, game farmers can contribute to some of the rare antelope and animal species. Roan antelope are listed as an endangered antelope species. This particular antelope has declined drastically in numbers due to hunting pressures which have occurred in the past. Roan antelope can only be found in areas where there have been intensive conservation efforts made. This species has a gestation period of about 40 weeks, and has a high rate of mortality of up to 80% in the first seven weeks (Groenewald 2014). Shown in Figure 1, the average price of a Roan antelope auctioned in 2012 was R223 650 (Bezuidenhout 2013). Sable Antelope are the most sought after antelope species (Groenewald 2014). This is mostly due to their scimitar horns which can grow upShow MoreRelatedGmo, The Labeling Of Gmos And The Controversy Surrounding Gmos1073 Words   |  5 Pagesgenes are taken from one species and artificially put into another, usually an unrelated species genes. This is done through what is called genetic engineering or GE. Crops can be genetically engineered to withstand applications of herbicide and insecticide. Some crops are even modified to produce insecticide. â€Å"Genetic engineers seek plant resistance to the effects wrought by weeds, insect pests, plant diseases, droughts, and floods. One of the most common examples of GM crops is Bt corn, or corn whichRead MoreTechnology Based On Biology : A Study Of Cellular And Biomolecular Processes Help Improve Overall Health And The Environment1635 Words   |  7 Pagesgenerated from biotechnology is genetic engineering (occurs when the plant has been modified to achieve a particular goal). It is the process that has been used to produce Golden Rice so that millions of children who suffer from micronutrient deficiencies will be able to grow and develop properly. By doing this, Golden Rice has the capability of reducing the common killer disease in the developing world, all through the use of biotechnology and its bi-products like genetic engineering. In this essayRead MoreThe Effects of Genetic Engineering on Agriculture Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Genetic Engineering on Agriculture Agribiotechnology is the study of making altered agricultural products. Agribusiness is trying to alter the genes of already existing products to try to enhance the biocompetitiveness and adaptability of crops by enhancing plant resistance to drought, salinity, disease, pests and herbicides. They are going to try to enhance their growth, productivity, nutrient value, and chemical composition. The old way of doing this was through selectiveRead MoreRural Food Security And Nutrition4387 Words   |  18 Pagespopulations (Phillipson et al., 2011). Broilers, which have high productivity under optimum conditions, might meet the production requirement. They are, however, not tolerant to hot and humid weather easily susceptible to diseases and require an intensive management system (Islam Nishibori, 2009). Broilers thrive better under controlled environmental conditions. Over 80% of the chickens distributed across rural communities of tropical countries of Africa are indigenous (FAO, 2006 ). Indigenous chickensRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Dengue Fever1631 Words   |  7 Pagesmembrane, and envelope), and 7 non-structural proteins. There are four different serotypes of the virus, DENV-1 through DENV-4, that are all antigenically and genetically different. Although all four serotypes share roughly 65% of their genome, this genetic difference has major implications on infection and immunity. Regardless of their differences, all four serotypes present similar illnesses when infected. Symptoms of infection can range anywhere from mild flu-like symptoms, indicative of dengueRead MoreConserving Golden Lion Tamarin1965 Words   |  8 Pagescaptive-bred tamarins to the wild. Deforestation in the state of Rio de Janeiro began in the 16th Century, with successive cycles of development supporting sugar cane plantations, coffee plantations, and in the last century particularly cattle breeding, besides persistent logging, charcoal production, and clearing for urbanization. The state is one of the most populous regions of Brazil, and today L. rosalia is limited to some few and isolated forest patches. Approximately 20% of the original rangeRead MoreFeeding The Third World Essay2917 Words   |  12 PagesDeveloping Countries. Intensive and Subsistence Farming both present possible solutions to dealing with world hunger and ending the suffering of the Third World. Intensive Agriculture, also known as Factory or Battery Farming, involves land being farmed in order to achieve the greatest yield possible with the use of inorganic fertilisers and pesticides because it is used to supply large companies and distributors. Monoculture Intensive Farming focuses on Monoculture;Read MoreIs Food Production A Growing Concern?1473 Words   |  6 Pagesreductions of 5-10% in the yields of major serial crops (Tamiotti et al., 2009). Moreover, the melting of glacial ice that accompanies any rise in global temperature is likely to destroy low lying farmland across the world and as such significantly effect food production (How does climate change affect agriculture?, 2012). A final way in which climate change poses challenges in terms of food production is that the changing conditions can result in a significant increase in extreme weather events, whichRead MoreThe Global Of Global Agribusiness1181 Words   |  5 Pagesour population is growing. Inputs such as fuel, labour, machinery, technology, fertilizer, seed, genetics, advice, water, land, government regulation, consumer demands and taxes are amongst those that need to be taken into consideration in planning for the future of our agribusiness and agricultural indu stry to keep up with our growing population resulting it to sustainable in the long term. The effects of the growing population is at a steady incline of 1.14% per year compared to the rate of agriculturalRead MoreEnvironmental History Of The Oceans And Seas1692 Words   |  7 Pageshighlights human exploitation from aboriginal population to contemporary mismanagement and industrial fishing. Although it was initially believed that aboriginal populations had little to no effect on marine ecosystems because of the â€Å"ecological Indian† myth, scholars have begun to highlight aboriginal societies’ effects on marine ecosystems, creating the â€Å"shifting baseline syndrome.† In Jon Erlandson and Torben Rick’s Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems, a collaboration of scholars examine early

Definitions and Examples of Partitives in Grammar

In English grammar, a partitive is a word or phrase (such as some of or a slice  of) that indicates a part or quantity of something as distinct from a whole.Partitive is also called partitive noun or partitive noun phrase and is from the Latin partitus, relating to a part. Partitives can appear before mass (or noncount) nouns as well as count nouns. Although most partitive constructions refer to a quantity or amount, some are used to indicate quality or behavior (the kind of teacher  who ... ).  Ã‚   Examples and Observations You must have been warned against  letting the golden hours slip by. Yes, but some of them are golden only because we let them slip. (J.M. Barrie, Courage. Rectorial Address delivered at St. Andrews University, May 3, 1922)Computers make it easier to do a lot of things, but most of the things they make it  easier to do, dont need to be done. (Andy Rooney on 60 Minutes)Now Murrells eyes followed an ant on a blade of grass, up the blade and down, many times in the single moment. (Eudora Welty, A Still Moment. The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty. Harcourt, 1980)Soap gumdrops, soap cigars, soap pickles, soap chocolates, and even a bar of soap that dyed its user an indelible blue made life exciting for the friends of a Johnson Smith addict. (Jean Shepherd, A Fistful of Fig Newtons. Random House, 1981)Not a part of the rock or a speck of moss or a streak of some other mineral, it was one of those stubborn bits of green felted cardboard that these rocks were always fixed on inside of the boxes. (Sharon Fiffer, Buried Stuff. Minotaur Books, 2010)It doesn’t matter if you’re a high school kid on your bike, or if you’re an egghead like me with a  boatload  of degrees. Anybody can be a birder. (Ben Kingsley as Lawrence Konrad in A Birders Guide to Everything, 2014)I am not just some here-today-gone-tomorrow  sort of person who blows hot and cold  like a feather in the windblown about by air. Oh no. Believe me, my love for you is, was and always will be true and oh-so-real. (Dawn French, Dear David Cassidy in  Dear Fatty.  Arrow Books, 2009) Partitives With Count Nouns and Noncount Nouns Count nouns that can act as the first element in such a structure (e.g. piece, bit, sort, etc.) are partitive nouns or partitives. Some words that form the second part of the construction take specific partitives (also called unit nouns) a Partitives are useful because they provide a means of counting uncount nouns.(Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiner, Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1994) Partitives With Nouns of Location and Time Partitives are  found with nouns of location (the end of the street, the back of the house etc.) and time (the end of the day, the middle of the week, the beginning of the month). These partitives of location and time are almost always found with the frame the partitive of the noun. (Dave Willis,  Rules, Patterns and Words: Grammar and Lexis in English Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press,  2003)  One day toward the end of the  month the wind veered around  to the southwest again and clouds moved in, bringing with them a heavy downpour. (John Hanson Mitchell,  Living at the End of Time: Two Years in a Tiny House.  University Press of New England, 2014)   Partitives With Foods and Liquids Some partitives, such as gallon/liter of, can be applied to any head noun that is a liquid, and partitives such as ton/gram/pound of can be used to quantify anything that is appropriately measured by weight. Similarly, partitives such as a bottle of can be applied to different types of liquids that come in this container (e.g., beer, wine, catsup, milk). In contrast, partitives used to quantify food are more restricted. Portions of baked goods such as cake, pie, pizza, and bread are measured by slices, and only bread is quantified by the partitive count noun loaf. Certain types of vegetables (e.g., cauliflower, cabbage, lettuce) are quantified by head.  (Ron Cowan, The Teachers Grammar of English: A Course Book and Reference Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2008)  The pub is very smart  and popular with foreigners, who can order Leopold Blooms lunch—a gorgonzola sandwich and a glass of burgundy—for about fifteen dollars during the summer high season. (Bill Baric h,  A Pint of Plain: Tradition, Change and the Fate of the Irish Pub.  Bloomsbury, 2010) Functions of Partitives Partitive expressions collocate strongly with particular non-count nouns: a​ ... Partitive expressions commonly refer to the shape, size, movement or the amount of something: Theres a whole ... Some partitive expressions with -ful refer to containers or spaces which commonly hold the item referred to. These include bowlful of, cupful of, fistful of, handful of, mouthful of, spoonful of: He gave me a The plural of such expressions is usually formed by adding -s after -ful.(Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge University Press, 2006)

A Hypothesis Is a Claim Free Essays

A hypothesis is a claim Population mean The mean monthly cell phone bill in this city is ? = $42 Population proportion Example: The proportion of adults in this city with cell phones is ? = 0. 68 States the claim or assertion to be tested Is always about a population parameter, not about a sample statistic Is the opposite of the null hypothesis e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on A Hypothesis Is a Claim or any similar topic only for you Order Now , The average diameter of a manufactured bolt is not equal to 30mm ( H1: ? ? 30 ) Challenges the status quo Alternative never contains the â€Å"=†sign May or may not be proven Is generally the hypothesis that the researcher is trying to prove Is the opposite of the null hypothesis e. g. , The average diameter of a manufactured bolt is not equal to 30mm ( H1: ? ? 30 ) Challenges the status quo Alternative never contains the â€Å"=†sign May or may not be proven Is generally the hypothesis that the researcher is trying to prove Is the opposite of the null hypothesis e. g. , The average diameter of a manufactured bolt is not equal to 30mm ( H1: ? ? 30 ) Challenges the status quo Alternative never contains the â€Å"=†sign May or may not be proven Is generally the hypothesis that the researcher is trying to prove If the sample mean is close to the stated population mean, the null hypothesis is not rejected. If the sample mean is far from the stated population mean, the null hypothesis is rejected. How far is â€Å"far enough† to reject H0? The critical value of a test statistic creates a â€Å"line in the sand† for decision making — it answers the question of how far is far enough. Type I Error Reject a true null hypothesis Considered a serious type of error The probability of a Type I Error is ? Called level of significance of the test Set by researcher in advance Type II Error Failure to reject a false null hypothesis The probability of a Type II Error is ? Type I and Type II errors cannot happen at the same time A Type I error can only occur if H0 is true A Type II error can only occur if H0 is false Critical Value Approach to Testing For a two-tail test for the mean, ? known: Determine the critical Z values for a specified level of significance ? from a table or computer Decision Rule: If the test statistic falls in the rejection region, reject H0 ; otherwise do not reject H0 State the null hypothesis, H0 and the alternative hypothesis, H1 Determine the appropriate test statistic and sampling distribution Determine the critical values that divide the rejection and nonrejection regions Collect data and compute the value of the test statistic Make the statistical decision and state the managerial conclusion. If the test statistic falls into the nonrejection region, do not reject the null hypothesis H0. If the test statistic falls into the rejection region, reject the null hypothesis. Express the managerial conclusion in the context of the problem p-Value Approach to Testing -value: Probability of obtaining a test statistic equal to or more extreme than the observed sample value given H0 is true The p-value is also called the observed level of significance H0 can be rejected if the p-value is less than ? Hypothesis Testing: ? Unknown If the population standard deviation is unknown, you instead use the sample standard deviation S. Because of this change, you use the t distribution instead of the Z distribution to test the null hypothesis about the mean. When using the t distribution you must assume the population you are sampling from follows a normal distribution. All other steps, concepts, and conclusions are the same. One-Tail Tests In many cases, the alternative hypothesis focuses on a particular direction H0: ? ? 3 H1: ? 3 This is a lower-tail test since the alternative hypothesis is focused on the lower tail below the mean of 3 H0: ? ? 3 H1: ? 3 This is an upper-tail test since the alternative hypothesis is focused on the upper tail above the mean of 3 Proportions Sample proportion in the category of interest is denoted by p When both X and n – X are at least 5, p can be approximated by a normal distribution with mean and standard deviation Potential Pitfalls and Ethical Considerations Use randomly collected data to reduce selection biases Do not use human subjects without informed consent Choose the level of significance, ? , and the type of test (one-tail or two-tail) before data collection Do not employ â€Å"data snooping† to choose between one-tail and two-tail test, or to determine the level of significance Do not practice â€Å"data cleansing† to hide observations that do not support a stated hypothesis Report all pertinent findings including both statistical significance and practical importance How to cite A Hypothesis Is a Claim, Essay examples

Media analyse two adverts Essay Example For Students

Media analyse two adverts Essay In this essay I have chosen to compare two adverts. I chose two from a magazine called VOGUE, I chose them as they both were linked by the theme of fashion but were advertising different products, this will help me show differences between the adverts but the fashion theme will help me to also highlight similarities. The first advert I chose was by a company called Garrard they make fashion accessories such as leather accessories, silverware and also jewellery which is what they are mainly known for. The advert I chose has specifically advertised jewellery in this case a ring and a necklace. On face value the advert has a ring and a necklace laid on a picture of a of the U. K flag. Part of both pieces of jewellery look like wings and they are put into position so that the flag looks as though it has wings. The words rock hard are also on the flag this is a Garrard logo which is also used on the website. At the bottom of the advert is the address of Garrard shops, the website address and the Garrard logo in bold letters. The second advert I have chose is by a designer called Yves Saint Laurent or YSL, this company is known mainly for its perfume and clothes. This advert is advertising a new perfume fragrance however there are six people in the advert who are wearing YSL clothes but the advert is not specifically advertising them. On face value the advert is focusing on a woman surrounded by men the men are in suits and the woman is In a white dress at the bottom of the advert is the Yves Saint Laurent logo and above this is the word Cinema which is the name of the fragrance. Also in the bottom right corner of the advert is a picture of the perfume bottle. These adverts attracted me as they were both bold and in your face so I was immediately attracted to look at them. In the Garrard advert the image of the British flag immediately hits you I think this is used to make a statement. The flag being on a white background makes the flag stand out also the fact that is the British flag is to make the viewer relate to Britain in some way. If somebody relates to something in an advert it makes them want to buy the item more so the British flag make this happen. Also the British flag relates to the designers nationality as the designer is Jade Jagger. As the flag reminds you that the designer is the daughter of a legendary rock star(Mick Jagger) it gives the advert a celebrity appeal this would appeal to rock fans or Mick Jagger fans so this again would give the reader something else to relate to which gives readers more reason to buy the product. The rock and punk element that surrounds Mick and Jade Jagger is again emphasised with the words Rock Hard written across the advert. This implies that whoever wears this will look rock hard and strong so the product instantly conveys an image of strength so would appeal to anybody who would like that image. Also the word Rock obviously relates again to Mick Jaggers music again reminding you that Mick Jaggerss daughter is designing the jewellery. The word Rock also brings images of partying and the word Hard could convey that whoever wears this is the type of person to party Hard. Again this would appeal to anybody who wants to have this image. The skulls on the necklace repeat this Rock image of the necklace as skulls are associated with rock music and being wild. The necklace and ring have a large wing on them this again emphasises partying as the symbol is loud. The wings also give the impression that somebody is free and original so people would buy this to have an image of being a free spirit and being original. Being original is important into todays fashion circles so this aspect of the advert raises the chances of viewers buying these pieces of jewellery. Other aspects of the advert relate more .